The experiments which finally led to the discovery of the phenomena which are now designated as "organizer-effect" were prompted by a question which actually goes back to the beginnings of developmental mechanics, indeed to the beginnings of the history of evolution in general. Hans Spemann's 1924 paper " Induction of Embryonic Primordia by Implantation of Organizers from a Different Species" The Organizer-Effect in Embryonic Development Links: Gastrulation | Frog Development | Week 3 | Historic - Manual of Human Embryology | Wilhelm Rouxįrog Links: Frog Development | 2009 Student Project | 1897 Development of the Frog's Egg | Hans Spemann | Wilhelm Roux | 1921 Early Frog Development | 1951 Rana pipiens Development | Rana pipiens Images | Frog Glossary | John Gurdon | Category:Frog | Animal DevelopmentĮmbryologists: William Hunter | Wilhelm Roux | Caspar Wolff | Wilhelm His | Oscar Hertwig | Julius Kollmann | Hans Spemann | Francis Balfour | Charles Minot | Ambrosius Hubrecht | Charles Bardeen | Franz Keibel | Franklin Mall | Florence Sabin | George Streeter | George Corner | James Hill | Jan Florian | Thomas Bryce | Thomas Morgan | Ernest Frazer | Francisco Orts-Llorca | José Doménech Mateu | Frederic Lewis | Arthur Meyer | Robert Meyer | Erich Blechschmidt | Klaus Hinrichsen | Hideo Nishimura | Arthur Hertig | John Rock | Viktor Hamburger | Mary Lyon | Nicole Le Douarin | Robert Winston | Fabiola Müller | Ronan O'Rahilly | Robert Edwards | John Gurdon | Shinya Yamanaka | Embryology History | Category:People Later in 1988 he wrote the book "The Heritage of Experimental Embryology: Hans Spemann and the Organizer". Viktor Hamburger was a graduate student in Spemann’s department at Freiburg during the years that the organizer graft experiments were being performed. Below is the transcript from his Nobel Lecture 1935. Spemann received the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development". The same region in birds it is known as "Hensen's node" named for Victor Hensen (1835 – 1924) and is also known generally as the primitive node or knot. This region was also called the "Spemann's organiser". © 2019 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.Hans Spemann (1869 - 1941) was a German embryologist who worked extensively on amphibian development and was the discoverer of the organiser region (or primitive node) the controller of gastrulation (1924). Here, we describe a simple yet efficient protocol to perform these grafts using the anuran Xenopus laevis. The dorsal blastopore lip is now called the Spemann-Mangold organizer. This meant that the dorsal blastopore lip was able to organize an almost complete embryo out of ventral tissue. Because of the difference in embryo pigmentation between the two Triturus species, they determined that the bulk of the secondary embryo arose from the host embryo while the grafted tissue per se gave increase to the notochord and a few somitic cells. These experiments resulted in the development of conjoined twins attached through their belly. They performed these grafts using two newt species with different pigmentation ( Triturus taeniatus and Triturus cristatus) to follow the fate of the grafted tissue. In 1924, Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold (née Pröscholdt) published their famous work describing the transplantation of dorsal blastopore lip of one newt gastrula embryo onto the ventral side of a host embryo at the same stage.
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